In a world full of uncertainty, the attitudes of pessimists and optimists have a profound impact on their life trajectories. Pessimists might say they are always right because they always foresee the worst-case scenario, while optimists always move forward because they believe the future is full of possibilities. Both attitudes have their value, but an optimistic attitude often brings more motivat...

Which of the four psychological temperament types do you belong to? Temperament refers to an individual's relatively stable psychological characteristics and behavioral tendencies, which reflects an individual's typical response to emotions, emotions and behaviors. It includes aspects such as speed, intensity, stability and directivity of psychological activities. Specifically, temperament inclu...

Eysenck's Emotional Stability Scale (EES) is a psychological measurement tool developed by British psychologist Hans Eysenck and is designed to assess an individual's emotional stability level. Eysenck is a professor of psychology at the University of London in the United Kingdom. He is one of the most famous psychologists in contemporary times and has compiled a variety of psychological tests. T...

The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) was compiled by British psychology professor Eysenck and his wife, and was developed on the basis of the 'Eysenck Personality Questionnaire' (EH). It was formulated in the late 1940s, first published in 1952, and officially named in 1975. There are two formats: adult questionnaire and children's questionnaire. The EPQ consists of four scales: P, E, N, a...

Childhood Emotional Neglect (CEN) refers to a situation in which a child's emotional needs and emotional expression are ignored, ignored, or ineffectively met as they grow up. This neglect may be intentional or unintentional, but regardless, it has a negative impact on the child's emotional development and health. Childhood emotional neglect does not refer to physical abuse or neglect, but rather...

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common mental disorder characterized by persistent and uncontrollable obsessions and compulsive behaviors. Obsessions are recurring, disturbing thoughts, impulses, or images, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors or rituals performed to relieve these disturbances. Obsessions are often related to fears, anxieties, or doubts, and compulsions are behavio...

Cattell's 16 Personality Factor (16PF for short) Cattell's 16PF, also known as Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Test, is one of the most complete psychological measurement tools in the world. The 'Cattell 16 Personality Factors Test Scale' was compiled by Professor Raymond B. Cattell (1905-1998) of the Institute of Personality and Ability at Illinois State University in the United States. The Catt...

'Tomorrow after tomorrow, how many tomorrows are there? I live to wait for tomorrow, everything will be wasted.' This widely sung song of tomorrow vividly describes the life state of many people who 'procrastinate' in doing things, and illustrates that great things cannot be achieved by always procrastinating. 'Why do I know procrastination is bad, but I still continue to procrastinate?' I belie...

SR16 is a professional, systematic, and very rigorous self-evaluation scale. It contains 16 items. It is characterized by its simplicity and clarity. You can quickly understand your own depression level through this questionnaire. Mainly suitable for adults with depressive symptoms, including outpatients and inpatients. It contains 16 items, each related to a different aspect of depressive sympto...

Psychological Resilience Scale is a commonly used psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's ability to cope and recover when facing stress, adversity and challenges. It helps researchers and clinical professionals understand individuals' psychological adaptability and coping strategies in difficult situations. Mental toughness scales usually consist of a series of questions or...